In 1979 Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress set out what they considered the four basic principles of Biomedical Ethics. They are autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice—said to be the cornerstones of ethical decision-making. All four underscore human rights, particularly with respect to patient care. As we will see in this chapter, these four values also apply to solitary confinement and mental health concern.