Heart failure (HF) is the resultant consequence of various cardiovascular pathologies with different mechanisms and etiologies. These pathologies activate numerous pathophysiological pathways that drive to the initiation of neurohormonal system, oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial stretch, and further on to fibrosis and apoptosis, resulting into a negative remodeling of the heart with impairment of the cardiac function. Despite the major advancement in the field of HF it is still characterized by high mortality and recurrent re-admissions with important burden on the health-care system. In this complex algorithm, an early diagnosis as well as prompt relapse of symptoms by specific biomarkers would contribute to a better prognosis and survival on long-term. This chapter discusses the most frequently used biomarkers in the clinical milieu, but also novel counterparts such as non-coding (microRNAs) or coding markers with their advantages and limitations.