Preterm labor is an important event that poses significant neonatal risks and affects approximately 10% of pregnancies. It is crucial to understand the etiology, risk factors, and presenting signs and symptoms to appropriately diagnose preterm labor. Management includes steroids, magnesium sulfate, and tocolytics and antibiotics where appropriate—however, this varies based on gestational age, maternal and fetal conditions, and hospital setting. Patients with a history of preterm labor should receive counseling and increased surveillance in their future pregnancies to minimize risk of recurrence and optimize care.