Stereoacuity, the ability to perceive depth based on binocular disparity, is a crucial function of the human visual system. Traditional methods for assessing stereoacuity rely on subjective patient responses, making them potentially prone to bias. This study used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate event-related potentials (ERPs) as potential markers for the objective assessment of depth perception based on binocular disparity. EEG data were collected for 32 participants, categorized into normal and abnormal stereoacuity groups, under controlled viewing conditions. Comparing participants’ brain activity with normal and abnormal stereoacuity, data analysis revealed significant differences in ERP amplitudes within the 75–185 ms time window following the onset of visual stimulus (related to P1 and P2 components of ERP), particularly in the parietal regions. These findings suggest that specific ERP components could serve as neurophysiological indicators for objectively assessing depth perception.