The chapter provides a summary of the book’s key findings, focusing on the securitisation of Islamism in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Throughout the book, it is argued that both nations have utilised the process of securitisation to frame Islamism as an existential threat, which has allowed them to justify repressive and authoritarian measures under the guise of national security. The book highlights that these securitisation strategies, while effective in consolidating state power, have resulted in the erosion of democratic values, political freedoms and human rights. Both countries have exported these securitisation models to the wider region, influencing other authoritarian regimes and altering regional governance structures. The international community’s response, often driven by geopolitical interests, has allowed these practices to persist with impunity, undermining the credibility of global human rights advocacy. Ultimately, the book underscores the necessity of rethinking security paradigms in the Middle East, calling for a shift from securitisation towards more inclusive governance structures that prioritize political freedoms, human rights and regional cooperation. The findings suggest that the path to reform lies in dismantling the securitisation frameworks that have been used to justify authoritarian rule and instead fostering political pluralism and democratic values in the region.