This chapter introduces the central themes of securitisation, Islamism and human rights within the political contexts of Egypt and Saudi Arabia. It explores how both states have framed political Islam as an existential threat to justify authoritarian measures, including the suppression of dissent, the restructuring of religious institutions and broad violations of civil liberties. While claiming to promote religious reform, both governments have instrumentalised religion to consolidate political power, marginalise opposition and reshape national identity. The book aims to offer a critical understanding of how state-led religious reforms in these two countries are more about authoritarian entrenchment than genuine liberalisation. Ultimately, it argues that religion is being repurposed as a strategic tool to legitimise political power, reflecting a broader trend in the Middle East where state leaders use religion to reinforce authoritarian rule rather than pursue substantive religious change.