Historical conflicts have radically transformed our landscapes through the construction of fortifications, the destructive impact of weapons, and the post-war memorialization processes. Therefore, battlefields function as both archaeological sites and heritage locations since they serve as valuable educational resources about the impact of violence on society. Battlefield museums and conflict heritage institutions play a crucial role in presenting the context and consequences of warfare to the public. Analysing these representations can reveal insights into the perception of conflict landscapes and their significance in the official narratives of traumatic events. This work presents an innovative methodological approach to the geography of historical conflict grounded on Digital Humanities. This approach was applied to analyse the geography of conflict of one of the most decisive and largest battles ever fought in Spain: the Battle of the Ebro (1938). The region where this costly battle took place is known as Terra Alta, and as its name suggests (‘Highlands’ in Catalan), it is crowded with mountain ranges that facilitated the Republican defence against the material superiority of the Francoist army. This region currently hosts several museums themed on the battle; data collection was performed to create a corpus of the texts displayed in the permanent exhibition of six of these museums. This corpus was further digitized and integrated into a relational database. The corpus was then annotated by identifying and georeferencing the place names found in the texts to be used within a Geographic Information System (GIS). The dataset was also explored by using a combination of spatial analysis and data visualization methods to define the places that are more visible in the narratives of the museum as well as to identify missing or forgotten places. Results generated a rich and complex portrayal of how geography shaped the battle and what landscape elements have become essential in the narratives taught to the visitors. The interpretation of these findings reveals the role played by geography in heritage presentation and peace education, and how landscape is used to build official narratives aimed at educating about such historical traumatic events as the Spanish Civil War.

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Geotextual Analysis of Conflict Heritage Narratives in Museums: The Case of the Battle of the Ebro (1938)

  • Xavier Rubio-Campillo,
  • Tania González-Cantera,
  • Giulio Roberto Bartuli

摘要

Historical conflicts have radically transformed our landscapes through the construction of fortifications, the destructive impact of weapons, and the post-war memorialization processes. Therefore, battlefields function as both archaeological sites and heritage locations since they serve as valuable educational resources about the impact of violence on society. Battlefield museums and conflict heritage institutions play a crucial role in presenting the context and consequences of warfare to the public. Analysing these representations can reveal insights into the perception of conflict landscapes and their significance in the official narratives of traumatic events. This work presents an innovative methodological approach to the geography of historical conflict grounded on Digital Humanities. This approach was applied to analyse the geography of conflict of one of the most decisive and largest battles ever fought in Spain: the Battle of the Ebro (1938). The region where this costly battle took place is known as Terra Alta, and as its name suggests (‘Highlands’ in Catalan), it is crowded with mountain ranges that facilitated the Republican defence against the material superiority of the Francoist army. This region currently hosts several museums themed on the battle; data collection was performed to create a corpus of the texts displayed in the permanent exhibition of six of these museums. This corpus was further digitized and integrated into a relational database. The corpus was then annotated by identifying and georeferencing the place names found in the texts to be used within a Geographic Information System (GIS). The dataset was also explored by using a combination of spatial analysis and data visualization methods to define the places that are more visible in the narratives of the museum as well as to identify missing or forgotten places. Results generated a rich and complex portrayal of how geography shaped the battle and what landscape elements have become essential in the narratives taught to the visitors. The interpretation of these findings reveals the role played by geography in heritage presentation and peace education, and how landscape is used to build official narratives aimed at educating about such historical traumatic events as the Spanish Civil War.