This chapter examines the transformation of industrial relations and labour policies in Italy, from the Treu Package (1997) to the Biagi Reform (2003) and ultimately the Jobs Act (2015). The latter is analysed both in terms of its general content and its effects on the labour market, as well as its political significance and underlying framework. The preference for social dialogue over concertation with social partners was not only asserted but actively pursued in the context of what became a deliberate confrontation with the Italian trade unions, particularly the largest one, the CGIL. This openly sought conflict marked the Democratic Party’s (PD) anti-union turn under Matteo Renzi’s leadership, representing an unprecedented moment in the already tumultuous history of the Italian left. The ideological vision behind the reform, the drive toward disintermediation, and the aggressive challenge to the Democratic Party’s historical roots and internal factions align with what the literature describes as the most radical and authoritarian dimension of neoliberalism. The chapter also explores the broader political and partisan repercussions of this reform process, highlighting its profound impact on the Italian left as a whole.