Over recent decades, the care of individuals with intellectual disability (IDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has gained increasing attention due to their rising prevalence rates, the mental and physical vulnerability, and the shift toward community-based care. Despite advancements in healthcare, individuals with these neurodevelopmental conditions still face significant barriers to accessing quality care, including systemic inadequacies, lack of trained professionals, and fragmented services. Holistic care approaches, incorporating physical, behavioral, and mental health perspectives, are critical for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with IDD and ASD as well as interdisciplinary training, and policy reforms to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals with IDD and ASD. The crucial role of families and caregivers is also discussed, along with the impact of transitions between different life stages and care systems.