Small hydro project is a hydropower project in which power generation is done through small generating capacity units. A review of historical development of hydropower reveals that hydropower generation started both in USA and India through small hydro projects. Later, with the advancements in technology large hydro projects could be possible with as large a unit as 800 MW in many countries. The hydro power development policy in India which has been briefly given shows that at present the Government is pursuing the development of both small and large hydro projects to boost the share of non-fossil power generation in total generation capacity. The advantages of small hydro projects are also indicated. The different types of small hydro power projects are described in this chapter along with their schematic layouts.