Globally, anthropogenic pollution and contamination from farming, industrial, and other activities are constantly being applied to the soil. The focus is increasingly turning to biological in situ alternatives since traditional physicochemical cleanup technologies have substantial costs and environmental deterioration associated with them. The most recent vermicomposting model is eco-friendly, affordable, low maintenance, requires little space, protects against predators, uses little water, has a self-roof, and is simple to operate. Out of the approximately 3000 species of earthworms found globally, over 500 species have been identified in India. Earthworms use physical and biological mechanisms to carry out their vermicomposting activity. When compared to biochemical processes, which entail the breakdown of waste by a variety of enzymes present in earthworms’ guts and are regulated by bacteria present in their intestines, physical processes involve the aeration, mixing, and grinding of substrate. Vermiremediation is a viable long-term biological cleanup approach; however, it is only effective on soil that has only a minimal amount of contamination. It is necessary to therefore review the future direction of research on vermitechnology.