This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of materials for aero engines, covering the past advances, current developments and future trends with a particular focus on sustainability due to increasing environmental impact of aero engines. Over the past 40 years, the development of materials for turbine parts has been impressive: their temperature capability has increased by 250 °C during that period. Today, we are almost at the maximum temperature for operation, but if the engines can manage a small increase, just 25 to 40 °C more than today, the engines would be more efficient and use up to a half to one per cent less fuel. In the past, aero engines primarily utilised materials like aluminium, titanium and steels. However, the consistent drive for improved efficiency and performance has shifted focus towards advanced materials such as superalloys, capable of sustaining prolonged operations at temperatures exceeding 800 °C. The present is characterised by the wider use of composite materials in fan and nacelle sections due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio and adaptability. Recent progress in additive manufacturing is also set to transform the production of complex engine components enabling more optimised and lighter designs. Looking into the future, the paper investigates the potential of emerging materials such as 2D materials, which can open for new possibilities in design and functionality. The paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of materials for more sustainable aero engines and consequently society, also at a global scale as collaboration and innovation are the key to the green revolution.