Determination of Wave Overtopping Applying the Coupled Delft3D and XBeach Models. Malecón of Havana, Cuba
摘要
Traditional Malecón of Havana, recognized as a World Heritage Site, is annually affected by extreme hydrometeorological events such as cold fronts, hurricanes, and extratropical lows. These phenomena endanger the lives of its inhabitants and cause significant economic losses. This study proposes an integrated modeling framework that couples the Delft3D models (FLOW + WAVE modules) and the non-hydrostatic XBeach model in a heterogeneous manner, with the aim of more accurately determining the overtopping discharges over the current protective structure, known as the “Malecón seawall”. The proposed framework allows for detailed simulation of wave impacts during extreme events, providing essential data for coastal risk management and the implementation of mitigation measures. This study highlights the importance of understanding and managing wave impacts in vulnerable coastal areas, offering a solid basis to enhance resilience and adaptation to future extreme hydrometeorological events, particularly hurricanes. For this study, Hurricanes Wilma (2005) and Irma (2017) were selected, as both caused severe flooding along the Havana coastline. As a result of the research, a sectoral analysis of wave behavior along the entire Malecón of Havana was conducted, identifying the most critical sections in terms of specific average overtopping and total specific wave overtopping.