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In miniature fluxgate sensors, noise amplification is evident due to a significant decline in sensitivity as the core and coil size diminish. The harmonic spectrum of the voltage waveform induced by the fluxgate manifests high-order even harmonics. Consequently, besides employing the conventional 2f harmonic detection method, it's viable to concurrently detect higher-order even harmonics, such as the 4f harmonic response. This study involves fabricating a printed circuit board (PCB)-type fluxgate and mixed-harmonic detection circuits to measure the 2f + 4f harmonics. By utilizing an optimal sinusoidal excitation current of 700 mA@10 kHz, the responses of the 2f + 4f harmonics are combined through a summing circuit. The amalgamation enhances sensitivity from 0.9 mV/mT for the 2f harmonic alone to 2.5 mV/mT for the mixed 2f + 4f harmonics. Eventually, the corresponding 1-Hz field noise decreases from 4 nT/√Hz for the 2f harmonic to 1.3 nT/√Hz for mixed harmonics. The study demonstrates the efficacy of mixed-harmonic detection in augmenting sensitivity and reducing field noise in a planar PCB fluxgate.

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Designing Circuitry to Enhance Sensitivity of Fluxgate Sensors Through High-Order Harmonic Response

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Trong Vinh Dao,
  • Dang Khanh Le,
  • Minhhuy Le,
  • Quang Vuong Pham,
  • Thi Hoai Dung Tran,
  • Van Su Luong

摘要

In miniature fluxgate sensors, noise amplification is evident due to a significant decline in sensitivity as the core and coil size diminish. The harmonic spectrum of the voltage waveform induced by the fluxgate manifests high-order even harmonics. Consequently, besides employing the conventional 2f harmonic detection method, it's viable to concurrently detect higher-order even harmonics, such as the 4f harmonic response. This study involves fabricating a printed circuit board (PCB)-type fluxgate and mixed-harmonic detection circuits to measure the 2f + 4f harmonics. By utilizing an optimal sinusoidal excitation current of 700 mA@10 kHz, the responses of the 2f + 4f harmonics are combined through a summing circuit. The amalgamation enhances sensitivity from 0.9 mV/mT for the 2f harmonic alone to 2.5 mV/mT for the mixed 2f + 4f harmonics. Eventually, the corresponding 1-Hz field noise decreases from 4 nT/√Hz for the 2f harmonic to 1.3 nT/√Hz for mixed harmonics. The study demonstrates the efficacy of mixed-harmonic detection in augmenting sensitivity and reducing field noise in a planar PCB fluxgate.