The surface quality of machined components plays a crucial role in their performance and longevity. This study investigates the influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness (Ra) of 1215MS steel during the finish-turning process. The experiments were conducted using a Taguchi design, varying cutting speed (V), feed rate (S), depth of cut (t), and tool rake angle (γ). The surface roughness measurements were performed using an SJ410 roughness meter. The ANOVA examination indicated that spindle speed and feed rate were the most influential parameters impacting Ra, with recorded values varying from 1.1960 to 2.1797 µm. These findings provide valuable insights for technologists finishing 1215MS steel, enabling them to optimize machining parameters and achieve desired surface quality for specific applications.