In industrial production, the primary objective is to minimize processing costs and reduce processing times, thereby enhancing productivity and product quality. This study delves into the influence of V, S, and t (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on the MRR (material removal rate) and Ra (surface roughness) during the turning process of A6061 aluminum alloy under both dry and wet machining settings. This study evaluates the influence of technological parameters on surface roughness during both dry and wet machining. The results show that wet machining produces better surface roughness under the same cutting conditions than dry machining. The study has established mathematical equations demonstrating the relationship between cutting parameters, surface roughness, and material removal capacity. These equations evaluate the influence of each cutting parameter on Ra and MRR when turning A6061 aluminum alloy. These insights aid technologists in identifying optimal cutting conditions that enhance machining efficiency and surface quality when working with A6061 aluminum alloy.