Structure of the bacterial cell wall, the metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of cell wall and various antibiotics affecting the different stages of cell wall synthesis are presented. Mechanisms of action of the antibiotics and the mechanisms of resistance development to the antibiotics are discussed. The antibiotics include fosfomycin, cycloserine, β-lactams, carbapenems, bacitracin, moenomycin, mersacidin, vancomycin, and teixobactin. β-lactamase and β-lactamase inhibitors are discussed in the context of antibiotic resistance.