Walking canes are effective in alleviating knee joint loads and improving mobility for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and other gait impairments. Although traditional canes effectively reduce knee abduction moments, they often do not accommodate dynamic changes in gait mechanics, which can limit their effectiveness. Inspired by research and developments on prosthetic running blades, this study explores the feasibility of incorporating the non-linear stiffness characteristics of a running blade to support key walking gait phases: heel strike, early stance, mid stance, late stance, and toe-off. The experimental characterization of a youth running prosthetic blade is used to inform the design of a novel three-prong spring-loaded assistive walking cane. Force-displacement data collected from two unique prosthetic blade configurations, forward padding and reversed padding, reveal significant differences in stiffness. The reversed padding configuration provided a smoother stiffness progression, which is closer in alignment with natural gait biomechanics and therefore is considered a foundation for future assistive cane development. Using a least-squares method, the stiffness constants ( \(K_1, K_2, K_3\) ) were approximated and implemented into a three-prong spring-loaded cane design. A comparative stiffness analysis between the prosthetic cane configurations and the three-prong cane shows strong agreement, with an average error of 7.84%. These findings highlight the potential for future developments to incorporate dynamic stiffness properties into a walking cane design, which may improve the effectiveness of walking canes in reducing joint loading and improving user comfort.

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Nonlinear Stiffness Walking Cane Inspired by Prosthetic Leg Design

  • Sukesh Jagannathan Ranganathan,
  • Mauricio Fernández-Montoya,
  • Milton E. Aguirre

摘要

Walking canes are effective in alleviating knee joint loads and improving mobility for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and other gait impairments. Although traditional canes effectively reduce knee abduction moments, they often do not accommodate dynamic changes in gait mechanics, which can limit their effectiveness. Inspired by research and developments on prosthetic running blades, this study explores the feasibility of incorporating the non-linear stiffness characteristics of a running blade to support key walking gait phases: heel strike, early stance, mid stance, late stance, and toe-off. The experimental characterization of a youth running prosthetic blade is used to inform the design of a novel three-prong spring-loaded assistive walking cane. Force-displacement data collected from two unique prosthetic blade configurations, forward padding and reversed padding, reveal significant differences in stiffness. The reversed padding configuration provided a smoother stiffness progression, which is closer in alignment with natural gait biomechanics and therefore is considered a foundation for future assistive cane development. Using a least-squares method, the stiffness constants ( \(K_1, K_2, K_3\) ) were approximated and implemented into a three-prong spring-loaded cane design. A comparative stiffness analysis between the prosthetic cane configurations and the three-prong cane shows strong agreement, with an average error of 7.84%. These findings highlight the potential for future developments to incorporate dynamic stiffness properties into a walking cane design, which may improve the effectiveness of walking canes in reducing joint loading and improving user comfort.