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Additive manufacturing (AM), referred to as 3D printing, is recognized as an innovative approach in current manufacturing and engineering design, especially for bio-based materials. This advancement has aided in the development of personalized biomaterials and medical devices, such as prosthetics, implants, and orthotics, with sophisticated internal microstructures and adjustable properties. It enables the fabrication of intricate structures, such as scaffolds used in tissue engineering (TE), which promotes tissue regeneration and ingrowth in soft tissue and hard bone applications. The selection of biomaterials for scaffold development has a significant influence on the architecture, characteristics, and cellular response. Thus, meticulous material selection is required to ensure optimal scaffold performance. The essential characteristics for scaffold fabrication in TE include biocompatibility, biodegradability, biomimicry, porous structure, and compatibility with manufacturing technologies. The material properties have a pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration, and hence, the chosen material must align with the scaffold requirements. Materials utilized in scaffold preparation include composites, metals, polymers, ceramics, and nanomaterials. Stainless steel was initially utilized, but its non-biocompatible nature led to the exploration of biocompatible metal alternatives. Polymers like alginate, chitosan, collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, and polylactic acid have found widespread use in scaffold fabrication for TE and regeneration. Furthermore, combinations of materials are frequently used to enhance scaffold qualities under optimal additive manufacturing conditions, aiming to achieve superior performance and functionality. To summarize, this chapter will discuss the principles of AM, the types of biomaterials used, the fabrication and characterization techniques of the biomaterial scaffold, and its applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Biomaterial-Additive Manufactured Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Viola Colaco,
  • Deepanjan Datta,
  • Sony Priyanka Bandi,
  • Namdev Dhas,
  • Prabhanjan S. Giram

摘要

Additive manufacturing (AM), referred to as 3D printing, is recognized as an innovative approach in current manufacturing and engineering design, especially for bio-based materials. This advancement has aided in the development of personalized biomaterials and medical devices, such as prosthetics, implants, and orthotics, with sophisticated internal microstructures and adjustable properties. It enables the fabrication of intricate structures, such as scaffolds used in tissue engineering (TE), which promotes tissue regeneration and ingrowth in soft tissue and hard bone applications. The selection of biomaterials for scaffold development has a significant influence on the architecture, characteristics, and cellular response. Thus, meticulous material selection is required to ensure optimal scaffold performance. The essential characteristics for scaffold fabrication in TE include biocompatibility, biodegradability, biomimicry, porous structure, and compatibility with manufacturing technologies. The material properties have a pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration, and hence, the chosen material must align with the scaffold requirements. Materials utilized in scaffold preparation include composites, metals, polymers, ceramics, and nanomaterials. Stainless steel was initially utilized, but its non-biocompatible nature led to the exploration of biocompatible metal alternatives. Polymers like alginate, chitosan, collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, and polylactic acid have found widespread use in scaffold fabrication for TE and regeneration. Furthermore, combinations of materials are frequently used to enhance scaffold qualities under optimal additive manufacturing conditions, aiming to achieve superior performance and functionality. To summarize, this chapter will discuss the principles of AM, the types of biomaterials used, the fabrication and characterization techniques of the biomaterial scaffold, and its applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.