The detrimental effects of diabetes extend to global healthcare systems due to its long-term nature, including chronic ulcers and poor wound healing. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind this is challenging. Biodegradable biomaterials can help address this problem effectively. Integrating materials, cells, and growth factors creates a comprehensive wound repair system. Composite biodegradable biomaterials excel in wound healing due to their biocompatibility and ability to enhance the process. Films, foams, hydrogels, antimicrobials, and dressings made from biomaterials have been used in various wound treatment applications. Despite extensive research, an ideal treatment for non-healing diabetic ulcers has yet to be found. With a specific emphasis on biomaterials for diabetic wound care, this chapter delves into recent advancements and challenges. It explores the primary categories of biomaterials utilized in wound dressings and skin substitutes, their properties, processing methods, and emerging therapies incorporating biomaterials. The discussion explores various treatments, such as alternative biophysical therapies, cell- and drug-delivery therapies, and the use of synthetic and natural polymers. Considering the multiple explored approaches and the rapid advancement of biomaterial technology, cautious optimism exists regarding a potential breakthrough for healing diabetic wounds and addressing chronic diabetic ulcers.