The chapter examines Turkey’s evolution from a defense industry-dependent country to a competitive arms-producing nation with growing global influence. Historically reliant on foreign suppliers, Turkey’s push for autonomy was driven by security needs, repeated arms embargoes, and strategic ambition. The chapter highlights key drivers of this transformation such as institutional reforms, government-backed R&D, and a skilled technical workforce. The chapter discusses programs like the Özgür F-16 modernization, the KAAN fifth-generation fighter jet, TB2s which reflect Turkey’s growing aerospace capabilities. It also evaluates Turkey’s progress in air defense, with initiatives like the Steel Dome, and advanced naval platforms which show the country’s multidomain defense posture. However, challenges remain. Supply chain vulnerabilities, export dependency, and talent retention are critical hurdles. Still, Turkey’s refusal to politicize arms trade and its focus on innovation position it as a rising force in global defense.