This chapter introduces and contextualizes some of the main debates regarding the impact of neurotechnological developments in Latin America over the last years. In its first part, the chapter makes sense of core conceptual lessons that local researchers have learnt from their active involvement in the discussion of these issues in their local governments and academic communities. In its second part, the chapter focuses on a number of practical cases derived from the Latin American experience on discussions about neuroprotection, neurorights, neurolaw regulations, and artificial intelligence policy.