There are parallels and differences between approaches to psychological distress in Buddhism and psychiatry. Buddhist temples were historically centres of medical learning and practice, and psychiatry emerged in the nineteenth century as a result of similar impulses to alleviate distress. In recent decades, there is particular emphasis on mindfulness in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). As evidence for these therapies grows, important critiques emerge, highlighting the extent to which ‘mindfulness’ has been co-opted by corporate and neoliberal interests to promote individual self-improvement while allegedly ignoring broader systemic injustices. This perspective has merit, but mostly relates to misapplications of mindfulness, rather than its correct use. True mindfulness lets us see the world as it really is and provides powerful impetus for change. This chapter argues that wise use of psychiatric medications (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics) shares Buddhism’s focus on the alleviation of suffering and works in cooperation with meditation, rather than against it. Similar considerations apply to mental health legislation which permits admission and treatment without consent in severe mental disorder. Applying the lens of Buddhist approaches to law is a rewarding way to explore this challenging topic.