Exemplarization and Generalization
摘要
In Exemplars of Truth, Keith Lehrer presents an impressive new epistemological theory. He continues to emphasize that knowledge and epistemic justification depend upon the capacity to rely upon a background system of beliefs, preference, and reasoning in a defense against potential objections. New to his theory is an attempt to explain how experience dynamically affects one’s background system by a process of exemplarization and generalization. Lehrer resists characterizing his view as foundationalist or as reintroducing the notion of an epistemological given. I argue that he has not adequately explained, however, how the truth security he finds in the possession of self-representing experiential exemplars is compatible with the corrigibility of all of our empirical judgments. I also argue that uncertainties in how to interpret his nominalism make for difficulties in figuring out how we reasonably generalize on these experiential exemplars. Nonetheless, I conclude by arguing that Lehrer’s central thesis that epistemic justification relies upon a background system facilitates a satisfactory response to Goodman‘s riddle regarding reasonable generalizations on observed samples.