In this paper I take up two points that Keith Lehrer has made about the hard problem of consciousness. First, he argues that the mistaken impression that there is a hard problem results from a faulty metaphysics of properties. If properties are understood as tropes rather than as universals, the alleged hard problem goes away. Second, he argues that the integration of phenomenal properties–understood as tropes rather than as universals–does not pose a particularly difficult problem for the materialist. In reply to the first point I argue that the force of Lehrer’s argument does not derive from the distinction between tropes and universals, but rather from the manner in which we conceive of the tie between thing and property. In reply to the second point I suggest that Russellian Monism may afford the most natural way of a smooth integration of phenomenal properties into a materialist framework.

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Tropes, Universals, and the Hard Problem

  • Leopold Stubenberg

摘要

In this paper I take up two points that Keith Lehrer has made about the hard problem of consciousness. First, he argues that the mistaken impression that there is a hard problem results from a faulty metaphysics of properties. If properties are understood as tropes rather than as universals, the alleged hard problem goes away. Second, he argues that the integration of phenomenal properties–understood as tropes rather than as universals–does not pose a particularly difficult problem for the materialist. In reply to the first point I argue that the force of Lehrer’s argument does not derive from the distinction between tropes and universals, but rather from the manner in which we conceive of the tie between thing and property. In reply to the second point I suggest that Russellian Monism may afford the most natural way of a smooth integration of phenomenal properties into a materialist framework.