Amongst the various sectors of caring and social policy, problems of housing were a major field of public engagement in Europe throughout the twentieth century. As early as the middle of the nineteenth century, civic associations, private entrepreneurs, (semi-) public actors, and municipal and national governments increasingly intervened in this sector. The chapter first addresses the origins and basic types of care for housing in nineteenth-century European cities. It then retraces the major turning point of the welfare state in World War I and discusses key aspects of large settlements and public housing in the interwar und post-World War II period. Special attention is paid to the specific trajectories of care for housing in different European regions, e.g. in socialist contexts and in Southern Europe.