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Widening income gaps between the rich and the poor has become a global phenomenon in recent decades, especially in the developed economies. Reports published in December 2011 and in 2015 by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (Keeley, 2015) revealed that in the 2000s, income inequality increased not only in OECD countries with longtime high-income inequality levels, such as Türkiye or Chile, but also in countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, known to be ‘more egalitarian.’ Economic inequality, which is most often measured with respect to the inequality of income and wealth at national and/or regional levels, has important repercussions on economic growth, social justice, varying access to economic resources, or social movements. It also has various political, social, and economic determinants, which are usually intertwined.

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Introduction: Why This Topic? Defining the Variables, Research Design, and Methodology

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Yasemin Irepoglu Carreras

摘要

Widening income gaps between the rich and the poor has become a global phenomenon in recent decades, especially in the developed economies. Reports published in December 2011 and in 2015 by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (Keeley, 2015) revealed that in the 2000s, income inequality increased not only in OECD countries with longtime high-income inequality levels, such as Türkiye or Chile, but also in countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, known to be ‘more egalitarian.’ Economic inequality, which is most often measured with respect to the inequality of income and wealth at national and/or regional levels, has important repercussions on economic growth, social justice, varying access to economic resources, or social movements. It also has various political, social, and economic determinants, which are usually intertwined.