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For the last 40 years, valve replacement with various substitutes in patients with severe valve dysfunction has been practiced, particularly in those with unrepairable valve deformation [1]. Valve Substitutes: Artificial valve substitutes are essentially of two types: mechanical and bioprostheses.

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Valve Substitutes

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Michael Y. Henein,
  • Matteo Cameli,
  • Matteo Lisi,
  • Federico Landra,
  • Mary Sheppard,
  • John R. Pepper

摘要

For the last 40 years, valve replacement with various substitutes in patients with severe valve dysfunction has been practiced, particularly in those with unrepairable valve deformation [1]. Valve Substitutes: Artificial valve substitutes are essentially of two types: mechanical and bioprostheses.