Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorption disorder requiring therapies that enhance intestinal adaptation and reduce parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence. Teduglutide, a GLP-2 analogue, has shown significant efficacy in reducing PN needs, increasing villus height, improving nutrient absorption, and achieving enteral autonomy. GLP-1 analogues, such as exenatide and liraglutide, slow gastrointestinal motility, enhance fluid balance, and improve absorption, further supporting SBS management. Growth hormone (GH) analogues have been explored but lack approval due to inconsistent efficacy and safety concerns. Overall, GLP-2 remains the most effective hormonal therapy for SBS, with ongoing research into long-acting GLP-2 analogues offering further potential. Future studies should explore the role of combination therapies to optimize intestinal adaptation and improve long-term outcomes in SBS patients.