The purpose of this study was to assess the intensity of urban surface sediment production in large cities located in different natural geographical, climatic, and economic zones of Russia. The urban sediment production model was used. It takes into account the formation of sediment from the impact of precipitation on pavements, surface runoff from snowmelt, and studded and unstudded car tires. Sediment production modeling was carried out for the test sites representing the typical urban landscape of high-rise residential buildings (Elementary Urban Residential Landscape). The obtained intensity of sediment production was in the range of 0.53–0.86 kg/m2 per year depending on the climatic zone. Sediment production is highest in the subtropical zone and lowest in the temperate continental zone. The largest contributor to total sediment production is motor vehicle operation on roads and passages.