β-Glucans are non-digestible homopolysaccharides found in cereals, fungi, and yeast. They are well-known for their health and functional benefits. This paper examines the use of β-glucan as a bioactive delivery system, including encapsulation techniques and their efficacy. β-glucan’s structure allows for great stability, emulsification, and controlled release, making it a valuable carrier for sensitive bioactives including rutin, sea buckthorn oil, and tocopherols. Encapsulating β-glucan matrices from mushrooms, dates, and other sources improves bioavailability, and targeted delivery, and protects against severe gastrointestinal conditions. Ultrasonication and other nanoencapsulation techniques improve the effectiveness of β-glucan by lowering particle size, enhancing solubility, and stabilizing the encapsulated molecules. Studies show that it has antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-obesity properties, highlighting its potential use in functional foods and medications. Although β-glucan is safe and biocompatible, there are still hurdles to optimize its extraction, structural alteration, and in vivo applications. Future research should concentrate on enhanced delivery systems, structure-function correlations, and clinical studies to expand its use in nutraceuticals and medication delivery systems.