While there are studies on the effect of climate change on food insecurity and coping strategies among fishing communities in Homa Bay County, studies relating to the effect of climate change on soil quality and food security aren’t evident. This paper detailed influence of climate change on soil security and its implication on food security in the study area. It examined the cost of anthropogenic-based practices (ABPs) on climate change and interrogated their ripple effect on soil and food security situation. Praxeology theory was used to explore environmental consequences of ABPs. Two hundred and fifty respondents were sampled from 262,036 households for quantitative data and 20 key informants purposively identified for qualitative data. It was a cross-sectional survey study and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Opinions from FGDs, KII, and field observation were qualitatively analyzed. Results showed monoculture (96.2%), tractor tillage (71.4%), livestocking (82.3%), stone mining (92.4%), deforestation (89.1%), and hill slope-based practices (87.9%) induced climate change. Binary logistic regression analysis (BLRA) indicated deforestation (B = −0.462, S.E = 0.381, and P < 0.032), stone mining (B = −0.756, S.E = 0.364, and P = 0.038), conventional tillage (B = −0.961, S.E = 0.489, and P = 0.05), and slope-based activities (B = −0.801, S.E = 0.368, and P = 0.0290) predicted food insecurity. Study concludes that ABPs result to climate change, soil insecurity and significantly cause food insecurity in Homa-Bay County. The study recommends suspension of slope-based activities on elevated areas particularly on Homa hills and review stone extraction, and tractor cultivation policies, and intensive and purposive reforestation programs.