Diet is a major lever in primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Strong evidence indicates that shifting from an animal-based to a more vegetable-based diet reduces cardiovascular risk factor levels and the risk of newly or recurrent CVD. Shifting to a more vegetable-based diet also has positive effects on costs and on the environment, which could be used as extra arguments for change. Almost all diets favouring vegetable vs. animal foods have a positive effect on CVD, thus increasing the range of dietary options.