Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are two main burden chronic diseases with a remarkably high prevalence rate worldwide. They share pathophysiological characteristics such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Medicinal plants have drawn increasing attention over the years as possible therapeutic agents for the management of both diseases owing to their bioactive compounds, which target various mechanisms and have fewer side effects compared to the current pharmaceuticals. This chapter outlines the findings of two earlier studies aimed at determining the potential application of mathematical models in evaluating the neuroprotective and metabolic impacts of herbal therapies. The beneficial compounds and diverse therapeutic actions of plants like Curcuma longa, Tinospora cordifolia and Ginkgo biloba are analyzed. This chapter aims to bridge traditional plant medicine with contemporary medical therapies via literature data integration. The conclusions note that predictive modeling helps in clarifying the mechanisms at work, rationalizing dosages, and favoring better treatment results. The findings show the dual therapeutic advantages of herbal medicines to DM and AD by being able to slow down disease progression and bring about metabolic restoration while paving the road for personalized treatment strategies.