There is now greater recognition that the value-creation potential of a firm may lie in resources that are outside the direct ownership and control of the firm, i.e., in the many alliances and partnerships that form part of a broader digital ecosystem. Jacobides (2019, p. 14) describes digital ecosystems as “interacting organizations that are digitally connected and enabled by modularity, and are not managed by a hierarchical authority.” These ecosystems comprise upstream suppliers, downstream channel partners/customers, providers of outsourced services, complementors, technology providers, and digital advertising partners.