The scientific incorporation of neurology into sociology presents an inevitable collaboration in the face of the complexity of understanding the human mind and behavior, which is still in its early stages. Applying knowledge and findings of neuroscience into cross-cultural studies offers exciting, largely untapped potential for developing truly interdisciplinary theories and understandings of the nature of the human minds shaped within different societies. Furthermore, the term ‘culture’ is treated differently in psychology and sociology, complicating the development of a corpus of knowledge. This chapter offers a brief overview of the relevant terms, accomplishments, and challenges facing a potential cross-cultural neurosociology.