Based on the empirical evidence that there is a link between energy access and economic development, this chapter proposes that increasing energy access within the continent is one of the significant keys to resolving Africa’s development challenges. The thesis of this chapter is that the global energy transition provides an opportunity for Africa to boost its economy, leveraging the continent’s rich renewable energy sources to take the lead in renewable energy generation. The energy transition can also create jobs across the entire value chain, ranging from mining transition minerals to manufacturing and installing renewable energy equipment. Also, decentralised energy systems provide a significant opportunity for Africa to empower its rural communities, which are currently primarily excluded from economic activities. This can lead to the growth of small businesses, thereby boosting the economies of these parts of Africa. The transition also provides opportunities to boost Africa’s export earnings from resources such as minerals and green hydrogen.