The conflict with the French Republic saw the Foxites increasingly depicted as Jacobin servants throughout the 1790s, fully complicit in the violence and radicalism of their supposed French allies. As the French Republic gave way to the rise of Napoleon, Foxites were dragged away from depictions of revolutionary radicalism and increasingly portrayed as Napoleonic sympathisers. The loyalist campaign thus sought to portray Fox’s faction as traitors—first as violent democrats and then as backers of Napoleon’s authoritarian ambitions.