The widespread occurrence of plastic waste in the environment has led to the formation of a distinct microbial ecosystem known as the plastisphere. This intricate community lives on and within plastic surfaces, posing challenges as well as opportunities for environmental sustainability. This chapter explores the dynamics of the plastisphere and how it affects environmental equilibrium, looking at how plastic pollution changes terrestrial and marine habitats, creating niches for microbial colonization and possibly upsetting ecosystems. Additionally, the potential for plastics to biodegrade within the plastisphere, taking into account the function of microbial enzymes in plastic degradation and the implications for waste management strategies is discussed. Furthermore, the movement of microplastics and related pollutants through the food chain, pointing out possible threats to biodiversity and human health are discussed. In order to address plastic pollution and advance environmental sustainability, it is imperative that mitigation and remediation strategies be developed with a thorough understanding of the complexities of the plastisphere ecosystem. The urgent need for interdisciplinary research and creative solutions to lessen the negative effects of plastic pollution on ecosystems and human health are highlighted in this chapter.