Plastic garbage accumulation worldwide has reached catastrophic proportions. Given the varied and multifaceted effects of plastic on biological health, it is necessary to assess these effects from the standpoint of One Health to integrate and better understand the complexity of these processes. All ecosystems on Earth have plastic particles, from nanometers to meters in size, from the highest mountains to the deepest sea trenches. The molecular and cellular levels as well as the organismal, community, and ecosystem levels are all impacted by plastic trash. Together, the absorbed substances and microbes carried by plastic waste, the physical properties of plastics, the molecular properties of plastic polymers, and the numerous ingredients added to the plastics in manufacture all mediate these effects. The following concepts are summarised using a One Health framework: (1) dimensions of biological organization in which plastic affects global health, (2) interactions between the many biological layers caused by plastic, and (3) What are the gaps in our knowledge about how plastic affects biological scales and how those scales interact? Along with possible remedies, we also highlight One Health viewpoints that take into account the interconnectedness of humans, animals, and the environment in order to confront this escalating catastrophe.