Pareto’s Political Position
摘要
This chapter attempts to show that, even from a political point of view, Pareto always favoured the ‘right middle path’. It opens with a brief reconstruction of the post-war era and focuses on Pareto’s critical reading of it. Subsequently, the focus shifts to Pareto’s assessment of fascism and the possible convergence between some of his ideas and proposals and the institutional changes that the new regime was preparing to implement. Importantly, the position taken by the thinker towards fascism did not remain constant, and his initial aversion was soon replaced by a certain benevolence towards it. It should be added, however, that Pareto saw fascism as a fundamentally liberal force and believed that it could make the mistake of abusing force and suppressing individual freedoms. In his later writings, Pareto seemed to argue in favour of a form of government that was both authoritarian and moderate, or strong and liberal. In other words, his preference seems to have been for a soft modern Bonapartism, which had little to do with the dictatorial and illiberal regime established by Mussolini.