This chapter investigates a three-dimensional fractional Duffing system incorporating a sinusoidal discrete memristor and driven by incommensurate fractional orders. Numerical simulations reveal a rich spectrum of dynamical behaviors, including periodic orbits and chaotic attractors. When the parameter \(\gamma \) is zero, the system exhibits a variety of strange attractors with complex geometric structures. However, for \(\gamma \ne 0\) , the system transitions to a regime dominated by hidden attractors, whose basins of attraction do not intersect with the neighborhood of any equilibrium point. The presence of both strange and hidden attractors, coupled with the influence of fractional orders and memristor dynamics, underscores the intricate behavior of this system. Numerical analysis, including bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and the 0–1 test for chaos, confirms the complex dynamics and highlights the system’s potential for applications in secure communications and neuromorphic computing.