This is a comprehensive chapter dedicated to understanding and addressing the unique nutritional needs of the youngest members of our population. This chapter explores the critical role of early nutrition in the growth and development of infants and young children, covering essential nutrients and evidence-based interventions. Because nutrition during the first 1000 days (i.e., from conception to the end of the second year) depends on both maternal and child nutrition, evidence-based interventions for mothers and children are discussed in this chapter. From the introduction of breast milk or formula to the gradual transition to solid foods, this chapter provides evidence-based insights into fostering healthy eating habits and ensuring optimal nourishment during the crucial stages of early childhood. Practical tips for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals are included, emphasizing the importance of a well-balanced diet in laying the foundation for a lifetime of good health. From fortified foods to targeted nutritional counseling, this chapter outlines a range of interventions designed to break the intergenerational cycle of undernutrition and to thus foster the healthy growth and development of children worldwide. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of the nutritional landscape during the formative years of human development, offering guidance for nurturing healthy, happy, and thriving young lives.