Chrononutrition is a novel and emerging topic in nutrition that studies the impact of circadian body rhythms on food intake, meal timing, food consumption frequency, and metabolism. Reviewing chrononutrition literature could lead to dietary recommendations and best practices for health promotion and the prevention of obesity and an array of noncommunicable diseases. These dietary guidelines could have implications for both population-level best practices and individualized recommendations in the context of precision nutrition. The current chapter includes (i) an introduction to chrononutrition and a discussion on the importance of evidence-based decision-making for the interpretation of chrononutrition literature; (ii) a discussion on the impact of chrononutrition on health promotion; (iii) an evaluation of the impact of chrononutrition on the prevention of obesity and noncommunicable diseases; (iv) a discussion on the impact of chrononutrition on mental and athletic performance; and (v) a discussion on the knowledge gaps and research opportunities for developing chrononutrition-based best practices and dietary recommendations.