Today, message transmission delay is a real limitation for the development of next-generation communication networks. The technical requirements of the Tactile Internet concept place extraordinary demands on future networks’ latency low enough to create real-time human-to-machine interaction. This determines the high relevance of the well-known approach transport coding, which has been well studied over the past decades. The transport coding allows to significantly reduce the average delay in the network by adding additional packets at the transport level of the network. However, there are still several important theoretical gaps that are significantly important for data delivery in time-constrained applications (such as video, voice, command traffic). The original theory in this area operates only with average values. Whereas for time-constrained scenarios, the important thing is the delay values that fit within the given limits (t < t max). For example, if a video frame arrives later than the moment it should be displayed on the screen, it will be discarded, since the time it was needed has already passed. This paper presents a detailed mathematical analysis of transport coding for delay-critical networks. The focus is on deriving the probability density function for the \( k \) -th order statistic \( T_{k:n} \) , evaluating variance reduction, and validating numerical accuracy. In addition, analytical results are presented that model delays exceeding a maximum threshold \( t_{max} \) . The findings are supported by graphical illustrations of the efficiency gains under varying network conditions.

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Numerical Analysis of Transport Coding Efficiency

  • Anton Sergeev,
  • Ilya Petrovanov,
  • Eugine Krouk

摘要

Today, message transmission delay is a real limitation for the development of next-generation communication networks. The technical requirements of the Tactile Internet concept place extraordinary demands on future networks’ latency low enough to create real-time human-to-machine interaction. This determines the high relevance of the well-known approach transport coding, which has been well studied over the past decades. The transport coding allows to significantly reduce the average delay in the network by adding additional packets at the transport level of the network. However, there are still several important theoretical gaps that are significantly important for data delivery in time-constrained applications (such as video, voice, command traffic). The original theory in this area operates only with average values. Whereas for time-constrained scenarios, the important thing is the delay values that fit within the given limits (t < t max). For example, if a video frame arrives later than the moment it should be displayed on the screen, it will be discarded, since the time it was needed has already passed. This paper presents a detailed mathematical analysis of transport coding for delay-critical networks. The focus is on deriving the probability density function for the \( k \) -th order statistic \( T_{k:n} \) , evaluating variance reduction, and validating numerical accuracy. In addition, analytical results are presented that model delays exceeding a maximum threshold \( t_{max} \) . The findings are supported by graphical illustrations of the efficiency gains under varying network conditions.