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Cabin air quality and noise are essential parameters of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that impact the comfort, safety, and well-being of exposed occupants. Daily, many passengers and drivers are exposed to the indoor climate in bus and coach microenvironments, which, if inadequate, pose significant risks to health, comfort, and safety, including annoyance and stress, thus necessitating the present study’s interest. A real-time assessment of cabin noise levels and air quality parameters (CO2, VOCs, and PM2.5. PM10) in city buses was conducted during 46 bus trips in Lagos, Nigeria, and Coimbra, Portugal. Results have been analyzed and discussed regarding IEQ requirements in EU, WHO, ISO, and Portuguese regulations, inciting suggestions to mitigate risks in cabins based on IEQ, and gaps by the current study. In the investigated Coimbra buses, the CO2 levels (2630 to 5079ppm ± 653) did not follow the requirements of EN16798-1 standard, whereas, for Lagos BRT buses, particulate matter (PM) levels exceeded the WHO Limit. Noise equivalent (Leq) level ranged from 69 to 81 dBA (± 4) for Lagos, and 59 to 88 dBA (± 8) dBA, for Coimbra. Only 40% of all the Leq exceeded the 75 dBA limit, considering Portugal’s NP 1674 regulation. These findings suggest that IEQ gaps in mass transit vehicles still exist, necessitating broader assessment and intervention in future IEQ studies. Also, the current study sensitizes transport operators on IEQ gaps in mass transit vehicles, while informing preliminary conclusions regarding IEQ gaps in the EU and developing tropics with limited IEQ studies.

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Noise Level and Indoor Air Quality Assessment of Public Transport Buses in Portugal and Nigeria

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • John Omomoluwa Ogundiran,
  • Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba Nyembwe,
  • Anabela Salgueiro Narciso Ribeiro,
  • Manuel Carlos Gameiro da Silva

摘要

Cabin air quality and noise are essential parameters of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that impact the comfort, safety, and well-being of exposed occupants. Daily, many passengers and drivers are exposed to the indoor climate in bus and coach microenvironments, which, if inadequate, pose significant risks to health, comfort, and safety, including annoyance and stress, thus necessitating the present study’s interest. A real-time assessment of cabin noise levels and air quality parameters (CO2, VOCs, and PM2.5. PM10) in city buses was conducted during 46 bus trips in Lagos, Nigeria, and Coimbra, Portugal. Results have been analyzed and discussed regarding IEQ requirements in EU, WHO, ISO, and Portuguese regulations, inciting suggestions to mitigate risks in cabins based on IEQ, and gaps by the current study. In the investigated Coimbra buses, the CO2 levels (2630 to 5079ppm ± 653) did not follow the requirements of EN16798-1 standard, whereas, for Lagos BRT buses, particulate matter (PM) levels exceeded the WHO Limit. Noise equivalent (Leq) level ranged from 69 to 81 dBA (± 4) for Lagos, and 59 to 88 dBA (± 8) dBA, for Coimbra. Only 40% of all the Leq exceeded the 75 dBA limit, considering Portugal’s NP 1674 regulation. These findings suggest that IEQ gaps in mass transit vehicles still exist, necessitating broader assessment and intervention in future IEQ studies. Also, the current study sensitizes transport operators on IEQ gaps in mass transit vehicles, while informing preliminary conclusions regarding IEQ gaps in the EU and developing tropics with limited IEQ studies.