With the rapid development of information technology, digital education has become the key force of educational modernization, which puts forward new requirements for teachers’ roles and abilities. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current situation of teachers’ professional development in the digital education environment and points out the challenges faced by teachers in technology application and interdisciplinary integration. Subsequently, the paper discusses the key paths to improve teachers’ digital ability, including technology application ability, teaching innovation ability, interdisciplinary integration ability and data-driven decision-making ability. Through the analysis of practical cases, this paper evaluates the effect of the “Professional Development Project of Digital Education Teachers” implemented by H Middle School and finds that the project has significantly improved teachers’ digital literacy and teaching innovation ability, and at the same time improved students’ academic performance and comprehensive quality. The research of this paper provides practical guidance and theoretical reference for educators, policy makers and researchers, and helps teachers to achieve self-transcendence in the digital age and promote the digital transformation of education.