The production of complex mixed fertilizers is substantiated, with a focus on the critical role of granulation as a key technological stage. A rational melt dispersion process ensures uniform granule sizes, significantly reducing or eliminating the need for granule classification and enabling direct encapsulation of cooled granules. A physical model of melt jet breakup under forced mechanical vibrations is developed, revealing the mechanisms of droplet formation. Graphical dependencies illustrate the relationship between the radial velocity of droplets and the operational and design parameters of the disperser. These findings provide valuable insights for controlling droplet uniformity. A mathematical model describing shell formation on recycle granules demonstrates that granule growth occurs through the deposition of a melt film and the attachment of fine particles. The model confirms that adjusting process parameters, such as jet velocity and disperser design, directly impacts granule size distribution and monodispersity. Higher initial jet velocities reduce the free jet length before destabilization, influencing droplet size and uniformity. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing disperser orifice diameter and slurry flow rate to align with specific process conditions and product requirements. This comprehensive approach contributes to improved product quality and production efficiency.