Inconel 718 alloy test specimens were produced by a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing technology. The LPBF technology opens up new opportunities for additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys instead of conventional manufacturing methods. At the same time, LPBF needs to be improved for critical applications. The post-processing techniques for the LPBF-built Inconel alloys should also be developed and integrated simultaneously. In this experimental study, various post-processing methods were applied to enhance the wear resistance of the LPBF-fabricated Inconel 718 alloy. For the first time, the work compares the established relationships between the surface relief/roughness and microstructure of the Inconel 718 alloy processed by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP), shot peening (SP), and ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT). The as-built and post-processed LPBF-produced samples were compared considering their wear and friction behavior. The results showed that UIT is the most effective method for improving the wear performance of the studied alloy due to the high-dislocated surface layer with residual compressive stresses, increasing the hardness and material density, on the one hand, and the relief formation with reduced roughness (Sa > 0.5 µm) on the other hand. As shown, the wear resistance W−1 of the LPBF samples (5.57·10−2 μm−1) was essentially enhanced by the UIT (W−1 = 6.76·10−2 μm−1, 121% vs. LPBF) and SP (W−1 = 5.89·10−2 μm−1, 106% vs. LPBF) processes, while the HIP-treated (W−1 = 4.93·10−2, 88.5% vs. LPBF) sample should be additionally thermal treated.