Hydraulic Impacts of Confluence Angles: Lessons from Recent Flood Events in Bosnia and Herzegovina
摘要
In regions where the connections between rivers or streams are made with sharp angle, the generated energy leads to flood events. In Bosnia and Herzegovina recently, fatal floods occurred that led to loss of lives and materials. Recommendations about the angle of the confluences are generally ignored, and after the occurrence of floods, the role of the connection geometry is highlighted. Additionally, extreme precipitation events with a high return period increase the possibility of floods in such areas, as well as the severity of them. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of the confluence angle and flood occurrences. Qualitative research design is used and is based on the analysis of case studies of flood location from the last major flood event in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The evaluation criteria included the location analysis, the type of confluence, and the flood severity. Results proved that there is a direct relationship between the confluence angle and the flood frequency and severity. Key findings suggest the urban analysis of the regions of the connection in order to find solutions with slight angles of confluence, and better clear-space junctions.